Grinding mechanism



Nov. 29, 1932. F. J. JESCHKE GRINDING MECHANISM Original Filed Dec. 14. 1927 INVENTOR 87M me/Mw BY ATTO RN EY5.

Patented Nov. 29, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK J. J'ESCHKE, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO MICROMATIC HONE CORPO- RATION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN GRINDING MECHANISM Application filed December 14, 1927, Serial No. 239,858. Renewed October 17, 1932.

My invention relates to grinding mechanism and particularly to a device adapted to grind the surface of a cylindrical aperture such as a cylinder.

It is of that class in which a plurality of circumferentially arranged comparatively narrow abrasive elements are supported for radial adjustment to contact with the wall of the cylinder. A number of such devices are in use wherein the abrasive elements are held yieldably in contact with the cylinder Wall but in these the abrasive elements yield to out of round inaccuracies of and to variations in hardness of the wall.

I provide a c'ylindergrinder in which the abrasive elements are positively and rigidly supported radially while having a permitted longitudinal and tiltable movement with respect to the axis of the tool. This tilting movement is accomplished not by the shift.- ing of the adjusting members but by a floating movement of the abrasive elements.

My abrasive elements are so connected as to form a relatively flexible unit which is held yieldingly upon relatively radially rigid, adjustable supports and it floats as a unit with comparative ease longitudinally over the supports to an angular position with respect to the axis of the tool.

The above and other objects and advantages of my improvement will more fully appear from the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawing, wherein Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through my improved grinding tool shown partly broken away and in elevation.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of one of the adjusting plates.

Fig. 4 is a perspective of one of the abrasive elements.

What I have hereinafter termed the body of the tool on which its various elements are assembled consists of a shaft-like member 10, the lower end 12 of which is preferably square or hexagonal .in cross section. Above this hexagonal portion is a threaded portion 14. A ring-like part 16 is secured to the upper end of the shaft 10 by a pin 18 on which the ring may rock. A driving member may be connected with the projecting ends of the pin 18, the ring and pin providing a universal joint connection therefor. 'Upon the end of the squared portion of the body is mounted an adjusting plate 20, illustrated in Fig. 3, apertured at its center to fit said squared portion. This plate is held thereon by means of a washer 22 and retaining bolt 24: threaded into the end of the shaft.

A similar plate 26 is slidably mounted upon the opposite end of the squared portion. These plates have correspondingly arranged notches 28 formed in their peripheral edges. The bottom of each notch is beveled at an angle of about fifteen degrees to the axis of the tool, and these tapered faces of the two plates are opposed to each other.

Holders 30 for the stones are provided. Each holder has a longitudinal channel 32 capable of removably receiving a stone 34. Each stone is provided with a metal channel back 36, which projects beyond each end of the stone providing members 38 on which garter springs 40 are supported which retain the abrasives in place when assembled upon the body. These garter springs exert a tension upon the abrasive elements which maintain the holders upon the tapered seats within the notches of the two adjusting plates.

Each holder is provided with an arcuate centrally disposed slot 42 extending laterally therethrough and in which the flange of the floating retainer 44 engages. The hub of this retaining plate is freely slidable on the squared portion of the body member and the arcuate shape of the slots in the holders permit the holders to tilt thereon as hereinafter described while insuring that the holder will move as a unit when they are moved longitudinally.

I provide an adjusting head 46 threaded upon the threaded portion 14 of the body. This head has a cylindrical portion 48 which engages the adjusting plate 26. Rotation of this head in one direction forces late 26 toward the plate 20 which causes t e abrasive elements to be moved outwardly. Reverse rotation of the head permits the abrasives to contract by action of the garter springs.

The abrasives may be of any approved type and are secured in the channels of the respective holders to project beyond the channel wall of the holders by screws 52 which extend through the holders into nipples 50 formed on the channel back 36 of the grinding stones.

It is further to be noted that, in reciprocating such a tool in a cylinder having what is known as straight wall, the pressure of the faces of the stones in contacting the wall would tend to cause longitudinal displacement of the abrasives but such longitudinal displacement of the stones when in contact with a straight wall is prevented due to the fact that such longitudinal displacement can only occur where it is possible for the faces of the abrasives to assume an angle to the axis of the tool and thus in such cylinders in which the wall is straight there is no longitudinal movement of the abrasive members. In reciprocation of the tool in a cylinder having a tapered wa1lthat is a wall at an angle to the axis of the cylinder-the abrasive elements may move longitudinally to an extent determined by the taper of the cylinder and thus the faces of the stones under such condition automatically, due to their floating action and the character of the adjusting element, assume a position parallel with the-face of the wall being ground.

As will be understood from the foregoing this tool is to be both reciprocated and rotated in a cylinder. After boring or reaming a cylinder it should be finished by a grinding operation to secure smoothness of thecylinder wall and to correct out of round or tapered conditions as the previous boring or reaming operation should leave a cylinder with sufiicient stock to be ground out in finishing to the desired final diameter. Internal combustion engine cylinders for instance are made of cast iron and such cylinders usually have hard and soft spots or portions and the purpose of this tool is to provide a structure that is automatic in its grinding function in respect to the stones being in a floating relationship capable of assuming a position at an angle to the axis of the tool while under pressure contact with the cylinder wall.

In the use of this tool the stones are contracted by reverse rotation of the head, permitting the stones to contract to a diameter slightly less than the aperture to be ground ,and introduced thereinto approximately to full length and then the head is turned to cause the faces of the stones to engage the cylinder wall under pressure. The tool is then reciprocated and rotated in the cylinder until it has ground itself free in its movement from end to end of the cylinder. There.- upon the stones are again caused to engage the wall under pressure and the operation continued until sufiicient stock has been removed and in the final grinding the tool is operated until practically complete freedom is obtained throughout the length of the cylinder.

The abrasives are held positively and rigidly radially at adjusted positions to contact with the cylinder wall and in all adjustments the stones are held at their positive limit of contraction and therefore do not individually follow the contour of the cylinder at any point of its cross section. They are held together by the springs as a flexible unit upon the adjusting plates to float longitudinally thereover to various angular positions with respect to the axis of the body.

What I claim is:

1. In a grinding device, a body, a series of abrasive elements extending substantially parallel with the axis thereof and arranged in circumferential spaced relation thereabout, oppositely disposed camming surfaces carried by the body for varying the radial distance of the faces of the abrasives from the axis of the body, said surfaces being relatively fixed in the adjusted position and positively supporting the abrasive elements against contraction in any of the adjusted positions and coupling the abrasives with the body to rotate therewith.

2. In a grinding device, a body, adjustable supporting means carried by the body, a series of abrasive elements supported by said means to rotate with the body and extending substantially parallel with the axis thereof and arranged in circumferential spaced relation thereabout, said means being adjustable to vary the radial distance of the faces of the abrasives from the axis of the body, and constituting the sole support of the abrasive elements radially and laterally while permitting relative longitudinal movement and yieldable means tending to hold the abrasive elements upon said supporting means.

3. In a grindingdevice, a body shaft, a pair of spaced adjusting plates mounted thereon to rotate therewith at least one of which is movable longitudinally thereof toward or from the other, a series of abrasive elements supported upon the platesin circumferentially spaced relation and approximately parallel with the axis of the body and held thereby against displacement circumferenti ally of the body, spring means tending to hold the abrasive elements against the plates, and means including the movable plate for varying the position of said abrasives.

4. In a grinding device, a body of shaftlike form, adjusting plates suv ported thereon. said plates pror'ided with aligned notches, abrasive elements supported in the said notches, spring means tending to hold the abrasive elements in the notches, a retainer slidable on the body member and engaging the abrasive elements to hold them to move longitudinally as a unit and to assume as a unit a position at an angle to the axis of the body.

5.111 a grinding device, a body of shaftlike form, a pair of spaced adjusting plates having aligned beveled notches in their peripheries, and supported on the body against rotation while having a permitted relatlve longitudinal movement, a series of abrasive elements including holders mounted within the notches and having tapered surfaces engaging the tapered faces of the notch-es, spring means tending to hold the abrasives thereupon, said abrasive members being unsup ported from longitudinal movement in the notches whereby an excess of pressure upon one end or-the other of the abrasives causes the same to move longitudinally- 6. In a grinding device, a body consisting of a shaft-like member, a pair of centrally apertured plates slidably supported thereupon forsrelative longitudinal adjustment thereover to increase or decrease the spacing therebetween and being positively supported against increase in the spacing at any point of adjustment, means for adjusting the plates, said plates having correspondingly arranged notches, a series of abrasive elements including holders supported within said notches, spring means tending to hold the said abrasive elements in contact with the bottoms of the notches, the structural relationship of the parts being such that decrease in the spacing of the plates increases the diameter of the circle defined bv the grinding faces of the abrasives and increase in the'spacing decreases the grinding cirale.

7. In a grinding device, a body consisting of a shaft-like member having a part thereof at one end of an out of round form in cross section, a driving connection at the opposite end, and a threaded portion intermediate its end, a pair of adjusting plates having central apertures slidably fitting the out of round portion of the shaft, an adjustin member in threaded relation with the said threaded portion providing a backing for one of the plates, the other of said plates being supported from movement away from the first named plate, a series of abrasive elements supported by the plates, the

' grinding faces of which project beyond the peripheries of the plates, springs tending to hold the abrasive elements in pressure contact with the supporting portions of the plates whereby the plates are held against the respective supporting elements, the adjustingmember providing a means for decreasing the spacing of the plates, the structure of the abrasive elements and supporting portions of the plates being such that the decreasing of the spacing of the plates causes the abrasive elements to be projected to greater radial distances from the shaft, and increasing the spacing of the plates results in the abrasive members approaching the shaft radially.

8. In a grinding tool for grinding a cylinder having a tapered wall, a body, a series of abrasive elements positioned in circumferential relation thereabout, means carried by the body supporting the abrasive elements to rotate therewith and adjustable to vary the normal diameter established by the elements having tapered seats mounted upon said supports and held thereby to rotate therewith and being longitudinally tiltably movable thereover, and means for adjusting said supports to vary the grinding diameter of the abrasive elements.

10. A grinding tool having a plurality of abrasive elements supported as a flexible unit upon radially rigid supports to float longitudinally thereover and held thereby to rotate therewith and means for adjusting said supports to vary the radial projection of the abrasive elements.

11. A grinding tool having a plurality of independently detachable abrasive elements held yieldingly together as a flexible unit upon radially rigid supports to float as a unit longitudinally thereover, said supports being relatively adjustable to vary the diameter established by the grinding faces of the abrasive elements.

12. A grinding tool having radially rigid supports and a plurality of abrasive elements held yieldingly together as a flexible unit upon said supports to float longitudinally thereover and to tilt with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool.

13. A grinding tool comprising, in combi nation, a body, radial rigid supports carried by the body, a plurality of abrasive elements mounted on said supports to rotate with the body and extending lengthwise of the body and arranged in circumferentially spaced relationship thereto, means holding said abrasives upon said supports to float as a unit tiltably longitudinally thereover including a part slidably arranged upon the body and coupled with said abrasives to insure moveillelt thereof as a unit longitudinally of the 14. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body, radial rigid supports carried thereby, a plurality of abrasive elements mounted on said supports to rotate with the body and extending lengthwise of th e body and arranged in ci-rcumferentially spaced relationship, thereabout, said abrasives being tiltably longitudinally movable over said supports to vary the grinding diameter established at either end thereof and means connecting said abrasives to move longitudinally as a unit over said supports.

15. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body, radial rigid supports carried thereby having tapered seats for abrasive elements, abrasive elements mounted on said seats to rotate with the body and automatically longitudinally movable thereover to vary the grinding diameter at their ends upon radial pressure of contraction upon said abrasives at one'end or the other toward said supports.

16. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body, radial rigid supports carried thereby having tapered seats for abrasive elements, abrasive elements having tapered bearing. faces mounted on the seats of said supports to float automatically longitudinally tiltably thereover to vary the grinding diameter established by either end thereof upon pressure of contraction exerted radially upon said abrasives in proximity to either end thereof, said abrasives being held by the supports to rotate with the body.

17. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body, radial rigid supports carried thereby, a plurality of abrasive elements mounted on said supports and extending lengthwise of the body and spaced relatively circumferentially thereabout, garter springs encircling said abrasive at their ends holding them upon said supports and yieldable to permit longitudinal tiltable movement of said abrasives over said supports to vary the grinding diameter established at the ends of said abrasives.

18. In a cylinder hone, in combination, a body, a plurality of abrasive elements, and means on said body for adj ustably supporting said elements comprising a pair of relatively movable members carrying said elements for free rocking movement in planes parallel to the axis of said body, and a movable retaining element about which said shoes rock.

19. A grinding tool comprising a body, a plurality of longitudinally extending circumferentially spaced abrasive elements arranged about said body, and means for radi ally adjustably supporting said elements from said body for free tilting movement in planes radial'to said body, and a retaining element about which said abrasive elements rock.

20. A grinding tool comprising a body, a plurality of lorgitudinally extending circumferentially spaced abrasive elements arranged about said body, and means for supporting said elements from said body for a combined free sliding and tilting movement in planes radial to said body, and movable means for retaining said element in aligned posltion.

21'. A grinding tool comprising a body, a plurality of longitudinally extending cir cumferentially spaced abrasive elements arother whereby to adjust said elements laterally of said body.

22. A grinding tool comprising a plurality of abrasive elements arranged in substantially parallel relation to approximate a hollow cylinder, a body member positioned centrally of said elements, means constraining said elements to move longitudinally of said body member in unison, and means supporting said elements from said body member for simultaneous sliding and tilting movement in planes radial to said body member.

23. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body member, a plurality of abrasive elements arranged longitudinally about said body member in circumferentially spaced relation, and interengaging plate members carried by said body member and said elements respectively for supporting said elements from said body for, slidable tilting movement in planes radial to said body member and controlling the radial spacing of said elements relative to said body member.

24. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body, a plurality of abrasive elements arranged about said body in circumferentially spaced relation, plate members secured to said elements and disposed radially of said body, and means slidably supported by said body and engaging said plate members for permitting relatively free tilting of the members'in planes radial to said body about said slidable means.

25. A grinding tool comprising, in combination, a body member, a pair of plate members supported on said body member, one of said plate members being movable relative to the other thereof, said plate members being peripherally notched in alignment longitudinally of said body, a plate member having oppositely beveled faces received in each pair of said aligned notches, an abrasive ele ment carried by each of the last mentioned plate members, and resilient means constantly urging said last mentioned plate members inwardly of the corresponding of said grooves.

26. In a grinding device, a body of shaftlike form, adjusting plates supported thereon, said plates provided with aligned notches, abrasive elements supported in said notches, spring means tending to hold said abrasive elements in said notches, and means interengaged between said abrasive. elements and said body to hold said elements to move longitudinally of said body'as a unit and to assume as a unit a position at an angle to the axis of said body.

27. A device of the class described comprising a rotatable spindle, an abradin g member, a holder for the abrading member, a pair of guides on the spindle for the holder, said holder and guides having cam engagement for moving the holder radially in the guides, one of said guides being relatively fixed and the other relatively axially movable, and a feed device for the axially movable guide.

28. A device of the class described comprising a rotatable spindle, a plurality of circumferentially spaced abrading members, hold ers for the abrading members, a pair of guides on the spindle for the holders, one of said guides being relatively fixed and the other relatively axially movable, said holders and guides having reversely inclined cam surfaees for moving the holders radially in the guides, and a feed device for the axlally movable guide.

In testimony whereof, I, FRANK J. J ESCEZKE, sign this specification.

FRANK J. JESGHKE. 

